An important factor in material quality is the time duration that materials are used (known as substance lifetime). Lifetime is a function of several factors, and among them wearing and abrasion resistances are more important than the other aspects. In addition, to the physical and mechanical properties, abrasion has a significant effect on the textiles appearance. This phenomenon considerably influences the texture of floor coverings in which continuous abrasion are applied. While the texture retention of the floorcovering during lifetime usage is quite desirable and leads to consumer satisfaction, it is necessary to evaluate the abrasion resistance of floor covering before its application. In this paper, the abrasion resistance for three types of floorcoverings (100% polypropylene (pp), 100% polyester (p) and 50.50% polypropylene-polyester (pp/p)) are tested with four kinds of steel abrasives with different coefficients of friction during three steps of abrasion cycles (1000, 3000 and 5000). Their images were assessed by image processing method with two different functions. The results approved the procedure of the abrasion during 5000 cycles in the experimental condition. Weight changes of the floor-covering samples were evaluated as an index to illustrate the abrasion process.

Polyacrylate (PAE)/nano-silica (SiO2) hybrids were prepared by an in situ sol-gel process of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of PAE toluene solution. The hybrid coatings were fabricated using a PAE/SiO2 suspension by the traditional casting. Their intermolecular interaction and morphology, as well as thermal, mechanical, and optical properties, were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry and TG/DTA thermogravimetric analysis, coating impact testing, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. At the same time, their abrasive properties were carried out by abrasion resistance and nanoindentation tests. The results indicate that silica nanoparticles, with diameter about 30 nm, can disperse homogeneously in the PAE matrix, where hydrogen bonds between the PAE and nano-silica are formed. Therefore, homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica particles provides high transparency for the PAE/SiO2 hybrid coating as the size of nano-silica phase is much smaller than the wavelength (390-770 nm) of visible light. PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings have increased Tg and thermal stability including the onset decomposition temperature, 10% weight loss temperature, and char at 700oC. Additionally, the incorporation of nano-silica particles improves the glossiness of the PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings and enhances their abrasion resistance and surface hardness. The nano-silica content has obvious effect on the thermal, mechanical, optical, and anti-abrasion properties of PAE/SiO2 hybrid coatings. With the consideration of all the properties of hybrid coatings, the PAE/SiO2 hybrid containing 10 phr of nano-silica has the optimal composition. These PAE/nano-silica hybrid coatings have potential applications in high-performance hologram image recording.

An experimental program was carried out to investigate the behavior of steel, fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) under abrasion and cycles of freeze and them. Compression and flexural tests were also performed in order to reach a comprehensive conclusion of the response. In total, over 200 specimens were tested The test variables included two concrete strength., (i. e., 28 MPa as Normal Strength (NSFRC) and 42 MPa as Medium Strength (MSFRC)), four volumetric percentage of fibers (i.e., 0%, 0,5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) and two fiber lengths (i.e.. 25mm and 35rnrn). Cube specimens were tested according to ASTM C6661n-ocedrrre B using 100 cycles of freeze and thaw. The Los Angeles test method for testing aggregate was used to evaluate the abrasion resistance of SFRC. Test results of1VSFRCptesertted improvements up to 39% and 32 % in cylindrical and cubic compressive strength, respectively. and 88°o in modulus of rupture, 57% in resistance against abrasion based oil weight loss and 40% against compressive strength reduction due to freeze and thaw cycles. The corresponding improvements for MSFRC were 18%, 16%, 48%, 53% and 46% respectively. Increase in cocncrete strength from 28 Ala to 42 MPa provided higher freeze and thaw; and abrasion resistance than addition of 1.5% of steel fibers to the normal strength concrete matrix.